2025 WAEC GCE Agricultural Science (OBJ/Essay) Answers

Get 2025 WAEC GCE Agricultural Science (OBJ and Essay) Questions and Answers for Private Candidates (Jan/Feb 1st Series & Nov/Dec 2nd Series). Access the complete 2025 WAEC GCE Agricultural Science Objective (OBJ) and Essay (Theory) Questions and Answers, and download the free WAEC Agricultural Science syllabus in PDF.

The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) has provided helpful materials on Agricultural Science to help you prepare for the final exam, which will take place on Wednesday, 10th December, 2025. The exam will consist of Agricultural Science 2 (Essay) and Agricultural Science 1 (Objective). These resources are designed to guide you on what is expected and how to perform your best in the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE).

WAEC 2025 Agricultural Science Questions and Answers – Time/Date:

2025 WAEC Agricultural Science (ESSAY) Questions and Answers:

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2025 WAEC Agricultural Science (OBJ) Questions and Answers:

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2025 WAEC GCE AGRIC PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question 1 (a)

Draw the supply curve for rice.

Answer:
The supply curve for rice is an upward-sloping line that shows the relationship between the price of rice and the quantity supplied. As the price increases, farmers are willing to supply more rice.

(Sketch: Y-axis = Price of rice, X-axis = Quantity of rice. Draw an upward-sloping line from left to right labelled “Supply Curve of Rice”).

Question 1 (b)

Determine the price elasticity of supply when the price increases from ₦100 to ₦250.

Answer:
Price elasticity of supply (Es) is calculated as:

Es=%ΔQ%ΔPEs = \frac{\%\Delta Q}{\%\Delta P}Es=%ΔP%ΔQ​

• Initial price = ₦100

• New price = ₦250

%ΔP=250−100100×100=150%\%\Delta P = \frac{250 – 100}{100} \times 100 = 150\%%ΔP=100250−100​×100=150%

If supply rises in the same proportion (150%), then:

Es=150150=1Es = \frac{150}{150} = 1Es=150150​=1

Elasticity of supply = 1 (Unitary Elastic Supply).

Q1 (c)

Mention four characteristics of a good dairy cow.

Answer:

1. Well-developed udder with large milk veins.

2. Strong and well-placed teats.

3. High and consistent milk yield.

4. Healthy body free from diseases.

Q1 (d)

List three methods of determining soil texture.

Answer:

1. Feel method (rubbing soil between fingers).

2. Sedimentation method (allowing soil particles to settle in water).

3. Mechanical analysis using a soil sieve.

Question 2 (a)

Discuss the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) under the following headings:

(i) Location of its headquarters
The headquarters of IITA is located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

(ii) Three target crops

• Cassava

• Yam

• Cowpea

(iii) Five roles in agricultural development

1. Researching improved tropical crops.

2. Developing high-yield and disease-resistant varieties.

3. Training farmers and extension workers.

4. Conserving genetic resources.

5. Supporting food security projects across Africa.

Question 2 (b)

State three disadvantages each of using the following sources of power on the farm:

(i) Sunlight

1. Not reliable during cloudy or rainy seasons.

2. Cannot be stored directly without expensive technology.

3. Cannot power heavy farm machinery.

(ii) Electricity

1. Expensive to install and maintain.

2. Power supply can be irregular.

3. Risk of accidents such as fire or electrocution.

(iii) Draught animals

1. Slow and less efficient than machines.

2. Susceptible to diseases and fatigue.

3. Require grazing land and regular care.

Question 3 (a) (i)

What is hybridization?

Answer:
Hybridization is the crossing of two different plant or animal species or varieties in order to produce offspring (hybrids) with improved qualities from both parents.

Question 3 (a) (ii)

State one reason why hybridization is not carried out in the cultivation of yam.

Answer:
Hybridization is not common in yam because yam is propagated using tubers (vegetative propagation) and not by seeds, which makes controlled cross-breeding difficult.

Question 3 (b)

Give three common examples each of the following classes of crops that could be used as cover crops in West Africa:

(i) Grasses

1. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)

2. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

3. Spear grass (Imperata cylindrica)

(ii) Legumes

1. Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens)

2. Pueraria (Pueraria phaseoloides)

3. Centrosema (Centrosema pubescens)

Question 3 (c)

Mention three examples each of the following types of fertilizers:

(i) Phosphorus fertilizers

1. Single superphosphate (SSP)

2. Triple superphosphate (TSP)

3. Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP)

(ii) Potassium fertilizers

1. Potassium chloride (Muriate of potash)

2. Potassium sulphate (Sulphate of potash)

3. Potassium nitrate

Question 3 (d)

Give the botanical names of three varieties of yam.

Answer:

1. White yam – Dioscorea rotundata

2. Water yam – Dioscorea alata

3. Yellow yam – Dioscorea cayenensis

Question 4 (a)

Complete the table below:

Question 4 (b)

Mention four factors that determine the degree of an animal’s resistance to a disease.

Answer:

1. Genetic makeup (some breeds are naturally resistant).

2. Nutrition and body condition.

3. Age and stage of growth.

4. Environmental management and vaccination history.

Question 4 (c)

Give four reasons why bush burning should be discouraged in West Africa.

Answer:

1. It destroys soil organic matter and reduces soil fertility.

2. It kills beneficial organisms and wildlife.

3. It exposes soil to erosion.

4. It causes air pollution and contributes to climate change.

Question 5

The table below illustrates the supply schedule for rice. Use it to answer the questions.

(a) Draw the supply curve for rice.

Answer:
On graph paper:

• Plot Price on the vertical axis (Y-axis).

• Plot Quantity supplied on the horizontal axis (X-axis).

• Plot the given points and join with an upward-sloping line.
  👉 The curve shows that as the price of rice increases, the quantity supplied also increases.

(b) Calculate the price elasticity of supply.

Answer:
Using midpoint formula:

Between ₦20 (50 tonnes) and ₦100 (250 tonnes):

Es=ΔQ/QˉΔP/PˉE_s = \frac{\Delta Q / \bar{Q}}{\Delta P / \bar{P}}Es​=ΔP/PˉΔQ/Qˉ​​ ΔQ=250−50=200,Qˉ=250+502=150\Delta Q = 250 – 50 = 200, \quad \bar{Q} = \frac{250 + 50}{2} = 150ΔQ=250−50=200,Qˉ​=2250+50​=150 ΔP=100−20=80,Pˉ=100+202=60\Delta P = 100 – 20 = 80, \quad \bar{P} = \frac{100 + 20}{2} = 60ΔP=100−20=80,Pˉ=2100+20​=60 Es=200/15080/60=1.331.33=1E_s = \frac{200/150}{80/60} = \frac{1.33}{1.33} = 1Es​=80/60200/150​=1.331.33​=1

 Price elasticity of supply = 1 (Unitary Elastic Supply).

Question 6 (a)

Draw a well-labelled diagram of the water cycle.

Answer (written description):
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between the earth and the atmosphere.

• Evaporation – water from rivers, lakes, and oceans turns into vapour.

• Transpiration – plants release water vapour into the atmosphere.

• Condensation – water vapour cools and forms clouds.

• Precipitation – clouds release water as rain, hail, or snow.

• Runoff – rainwater flows into rivers, lakes, and oceans.

• Infiltration – some water seeps into the soil and replenishes groundwater.

👉 A proper diagram would show these stages connected by arrows in a cycle.

Question 6 (b) (i)

Explain the term deforestation.

Answer:
Deforestation is the large-scale cutting down or permanent removal of forest trees without replanting, which results in the loss of forest cover.

Question 6 (b) (ii)

Give five reasons why forest trees are important in the environment.

Answer:

1. Provide timber, fuel wood, and raw materials for industries.

2. Reduce soil erosion by covering the ground.

3. Absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, helping balance the atmosphere.

4. Maintain the water cycle and regulate climate.

5. Serve as habitats and sources of food for wildlife.

Question 6 (c)

Mention five roles of living organisms in the soil.

Answer:

1. Decompose organic matter to form humus.

2. Fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil.

3. Aerate the soil through burrowing activities.

4. Recycle nutrients and improve soil fertility.

5. Help in breaking down toxic materials and enhancing soil health.

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